A period occurs when the lining of the uterus (endometrium) is shed. This shedding occurs on a regular basis due to hormonal signals.
If you're concerned about your period, consider the following:
- Length of your cycle
- Duration of your periods
- Volume/flow of periods
- Pain
The length of a normal cycle is considered to be 21-34 days, with 28 days being an average length.
The cycle consists of two phases, known as the follicular (first half) and luteal (second half).
The follicular phase begins with the first day of your period, which is considered day number one. The average length is 14 days (for a 28-day cycle); however, this can vary depending on the length of your cycle.
The luteal phase is the second half of the cycle and it starts once ovulation has occurred at around day 15. The luteal phase is when the endometrium starts to thicken and build-up; this takes about 14 days from the time of ovulation until the day before you start to bleed.
If your cycle is consistently long or short, it may still be considered normal. Irregularity in length is considered a more important indication of abnormality.
Pregnancy is the most usual cause of missed periods if a woman has had unprotected sex.
Missing a period occasionally is not uncommon as the hormonal pathway between the brain and ovaries can be easily disrupted. This can be due to many factors, including:
If you have consistently irregular periods, or if you fail to menstruate for a long period of time, it is best to see your healthcare practitioner for a professional diagnosis.
The duration of a normal period (when you are bleeding) is 3-5 days. This does not include the day(s) of spotting before and/or after a period.
Having a period less than 2 days in length may be due to thyroid problems, anaemia, or having a lower than normal body weight.
Conversely, a longer period may indicate hormonal imbalances or failure to ovulate, as progesterone (produced after ovulation) helps halt excess bleeding.
Heavy periods are common during peri-menopause, as ovulation does not usually occur.
The volume of flow is generally a subjective measure and is difficult to assess, as some women who report heavy periods actually have small blood losses when measured.
Fifty millilitres of blood loss is considered normal. More than 80 ml is considered heavy. There are many reasons for heavy bleeding and some of these include:
If you think that you have a heavier than normal period, it is best to keep a record of how often you change your pads or tampons, as well as the level of soiling, before you visit your healthcare professional as this can be helpful for assessment.
Pain during or before your period can be normal for many women. However strong pain that disrupts daily activities should be investigated, as other issues like endometriosis may be an underlying factor.
For women who have mild pain, exercise and healthy diet with emphasis on anti-inflammatory oils may help to improve the pain.
It is important to visit your healthcare professional if you are concerned about the length of your cycle, duration and flow of your period or period pain. There are many natural therapies available that help to regulate the menstrual cycle and ease period pain. Your healthcare professional can assist you on a therapy that’s right for you.
You can also contact a Blackmores naturopath for free via phone, live chat or personalised email. Visit www.blackmores.com.au/ask-a-naturopath for more information or phone 1800 803 760.
References available on request