John Hopkins Medicines describe the immune system as made of special cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect us against infections, and from falling ill from bacteria or viruses.
A major part of the immune system is the lymphatic system, consisting of lymph nodes and vessels. The lymphatic vessels carry a clear fluid called lymph, which contains waste products, immune system cells, and fluid.
The lymphatic vessels connect lymph nodes together. Lymph nodes are small immune system cells containing white blood cells that trap viruses, bacteria, and other harmful invaders.
White blood cells are also an important part of the immune system. They detect infections or foreign molecules that enter the body and produce antibodies to fight the infection.
Hopkins University provides these factors that can affect our immune system:
Consuming a variety of foods to obtain a variety of nutrients is the key. According to Harvard University, certain nutrients protect healthy cells, assist with the growth of immune cells and in producing antibodies.
However, diet isn’t the only factor for the immune system. A balanced diet together with adequate sleep exercise and low stress, can help the body to fight infection and disease.
Harvard University also states on its website, that while some at risk population groups can benefit from vitamin supplementation, they should not substitute for a healthy diet, as they don't provide the same nutritional benefits.
According to UCLA Health, 70% of the immune system is in the gut. Their website states that "Immune cells in the gut interact with the microbiome, the diverse array of bacteria and fungi that live in the gastrointestinal tract." The food we eat influences the type of bacteria in the gut, and UCLA suggests that it is high fibre plant foods that help keep our guts healthy can help strengthen the immune system.
Harvard University offers the following steps to help you maintain a healthy immune system