Migraine: Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

One of the groups of vascular headaches that usually involve one side of the head. These headaches are very painful and can result in visual disturbances and nausea.

Migraine headaches are characterised by a variety of symptoms, which often include:

• Severe throbbing pain located in the forehead or on one side
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Blurred vision
• Tingling and numbness of the limbs
• Loss of appetite
• Preference for a darkened place
• Attacks last several hours or up to a day or more
• In some cases, visual disturbances may be present or may precede the headache itself- these are referred to as an "aura".

Migraines involve excessive constriction and dilation of blood vessels in the brain.

They can be triggered by any number of things including:

• Food allergy and chemicals in food and alcohol
• Stress and tiredness
• Hormonal changes such as those that occur at the time of ovulation and menstruation
• The oral contraceptive pill
• Flashing lights or bright glare
• Too little or too much exercise or sleep
• Changes in barometric pressure (humidity)
• Poor posture and muscle tension
• Emotional changes.

If you suffer from frequent migraines, a food diary will help to identify triggers in your diet. Common culprits include caffeine, chocolate, aged cheeses, citrus fruits, processed meats, the food additive MSG, and red wine. (Hint - a migraine may take as long as 48 hours to develop after the food has been eaten).

Take regular stretch breaks when you are working or driving for long periods of time. This will help to improve blood flow and prevent muscles going into spasm.

Wear good quality sunglasses to protect your eyes from glare, particularly when you are out in the snow or near water.

Schedule regular relaxation activities such as meditation and Tai chi to help reduce stress.

The herb Feverfew and vitamin B2 which is found in dairy and fortified breads can be used daily as they may reduce the frequency and severity of migraine.

Regular painkillers are not effective in the treatment of migraine, and sufferers require an ongoing treatment plan developed in conjunction with their health care professional.

Consult your healthcare professional if

• You suddenly start having migraines without previous history
• Your migraines increase in frequency or severity